Principles and applications of mammography
Mammography is an imaging technique that uses low-dose X-rays to detect breast tissue. It is mainly used for early screening and diagnosis of breast cancer, especially small calcification points and tumors. In Hong Kong, mammography is one of the standard tools for breast cancer screening, especially for women over 40 years of age.
Applicable objects and restrictions
Mammography is mainly suitable for:
- Women over 40 years of age, especially those over 50, are at increased risk
- Women with a family history of breast cancer
- Women with soft breast tissue (non-dense breasts)
However, mammography also has its limitations. In women with dense breasts (more common in younger women), X-rays may be less sensitive due to the poor contrast of the dense tissue with the tumor on the image. In addition, X-rays are generally not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women to avoid the potential effects of radiation on the fetus or baby.
Inspection Process and Precautions
The mammography process usually takes 10 to 15 minutes. During the examination, the technician flattens the breast on the platform of the X-ray machine to obtain a clear image. The compression can cause some discomfort, but it is because it reduces tissue overlap and lowers the radiation dose. Avoid using perfume or lotion before testing to avoid affecting the image quality. Hong Kong S.A.RDepending on the hospital and clinic, it can cost around HK$2,500 to HK$4,000.
Principles and Applications of Breast Ultrasound
(breast ultrasound) is the use of high-frequency sound waves to produce images of breast tissue. Ultrasound, unlike X-rays, does not involve radiation, so it is especially suitable for young women and pregnant and lactating women. Ultrasound is very accurate in distinguishing between cysts (fluid-filled masses) and parenchymal tumors.
Applicable objects and restrictions
It is mainly suitable for:
- Young women (especially under 40 years of age)
- Women with dark breasts
- Pregnant or lactating women
- As an aid to radiographs for further evaluation of suspicious areas
However, there are limitations. It has a low ability to detect small calcifications that may be signs of early breast cancer, and the results are highly dependent on the technical experience of the operator. Hong Kong S.A.RThe examination fee is about HK$800 to HK$1,500, which is relatively economical.乳房超聲波
Inspection Process and Precautions
The inspection process usually takes 20-30 minutes. During the examination, the doctor or technician will apply a gel to the breast and use a probe to scan the breast tissue. The examination is painless and does not contain radiation, making it suitable for repeat surgeries. No special preparation is required before the examination, but it is recommended to avoid the week before menstruation, as the breasts may become more sensitive or swollen at this time.
Comparison of mammography and ultrasound
Mammography and ultrasound have their advantages and disadvantages, and here’s how they compare:3d乳房造影價錢
| item | Mammogram | |
|---|---|---|
| precision | High sensitivity to calcification points | There is a high degree of distinction between cysts and parenchymal tumors |
| radiation | Low dose radiation | No radiation |
| qualified | Women over 40 years old | Young woman, dense breasts |
Due to compatibility with different breast tissues
Women with dense breasts (a high percentage of glands in the breast tissue) may have difficulty distinguishing normal tissue from tumors on X-rays, and ultrasound is a better choice. Conversely, for women with drooping breasts, an X-ray is more accurate.
When should you choose a mammography?
Mammography is the gold standard for breast cancer screening, especially in the following situations:
- Women over 40 years old: The Hong Kong Health Bureau recommends that women over 40 years of age do this every two yearsmammographyScreening.
- Women with a family history of breast cancer: If a close relative (such as a mother or sister) has breast cancer, it is recommended to start screening early.
- Finding abnormal lumps and calcifications in the breast: X-rays can show these lesions more clearly.
When should breast ultrasound be chosen?
Suitable for application.
- Young women (under 40 years old): dense breast tissue and high ultrasound accuracy.
- During pregnancy or breastfeeding: Avoid the effects of radiation on the fetus and baby.
- Evaluate the suspicious area found on the X-ray: Ultrasound can further confirm the nature of the lump.
Combined application of mammography and ultrasound
In many cases, a combination of mammography and ultrasound can provide a more comprehensive assessment. For instance:
- High-risk group: If a woman has a family history of pathology, both tests can be performed at the same time to increase the detection rate.
- Women with dense breasts: X-rays in combination with ultrasound can make up for the lack of one examination.
Some medical institutions in Hong Kong offer “mammography + ultrasound” package services.The cost of combining with ultrasound is around HK$3,500 to HK$5,000, depending on the facility.